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BELT STUDY 95 Table 2. Characteristics of the Treatment Units, Light Sources, and Application Parameters Treatment units (groups 1 – 4) Technology Lamp type Treatment area Treatment position Irradiance (611–650 nm) Total irradiance (570–850 nm) Treatment duration Treatment dose (611–650 nm) Total radiant exposure (570–850 nm) ELT 2 Energizing light (ELT) Medium pressure Partial-body Semi-reclined 7.1 mW/cm2 42.8 mW/cm2 20 min 8.5 J/cm2 51.4 J/cm2 ELT 30 Energizing light (ELT) Medium pressure Full-body Horizontal 10.4 mW/cm2 54.8 mW/cm2 15 min 9.4 J/cm2 49.3 J/cm2 C 46 sun Red light (RLT) Low pressure Full-body Horizontal 5.9 mW/cm2 10.3 mW/cm2 25 min 8.9 J/cm2 15.5 J/cm2 CVT/RVT Red light (RLT) Low pressure Full-body Vertical 13.3 mW/cm2 23.4 mW/cm2 12 min 9.6 J/cm2 16.8 J/cm2 subjective and clinical parameters was conducted at t30 + 6 months. Light Sources Four units equipped with two different types of poly- chromatic light sources (low-pressure vs. mid-pressure lamps) were used to conduct this study. Table 2 lists the lamp technologies, lamp types, treatment area (full or part of the body), spectral values, session duration, and treatment doses for the units used in this study. Treatment units 2, 3, and 4 provided full-body irradiation, covering the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs at the same time. Full- body irradiation units 2 and 3 enabled treatment with the patient in a horizontal, reclined position, whereas unit 4 was engineered as a cabin for vertical treatment orientation. Unit 1 was designed for the local treatment of the face and de ́colletage area with the patient sitting in a chair in a semi-reclined posi- tion. Units 1 and 2 were equipped with medium-pressure gas discharge lamps in combination with spectrally selective re- flectors and corresponding filter systems, to eliminate spectral emissions in wavelengths < 570 and > 850 nm; these units were denoted as ELT. Units 3 and 4 were equipped with low- pressure gas discharge fluorescent lamp tubes providing a spectral emission peak predominantly within the range of 611– 650nm, denoted as RLT. Because of the different spectral properties and irradiances, we defined the spectral range be- tween 611 and 650 nm for the calculation of treatment fluences. This wavelength window encompasses 632.8nm, which is a paramount wavelength in LLLT and PBM, representing the dominant wavelength of a HeNe-laser. The spectral dose distributions of the ELT and RLT light sources are shown in Fig. 1, with the doses of both light sources normalized to 100 % for the 611–650nm range. The treatment doses were kept constant for this spectral range, whereas irradiances and treat- ment durations varied for all four treatment groups in order to investigate the applicability of the Bunsen–Roscoe law of reci- procity within the given parametrical limits. All units emitted almost no erythemogenic UV radiation (minimal erythema dose would not be reached after several hours of exposure, comparable to the UV emission of fluo- rescent lamps for general lighting service applications). Measurements The primary objective of the study was the improvement of subjective skin complexion and skin feeling. The volun- teers were asked to specify their level of agreement to the statements in the questionnaire by marking a position along a continuous black line between two end points measuring 10cm, which served as a visual analog scale (VAS). The secondary objectives were the improvement of measurement parameters using a DermaLab Combo (Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark), a computer-supported skin diagnostics system equipped with a rotating high-resolution ultrasound sensor probe (20 MHz) for the determination of changes in intradermal collagen density, measured as a collagen inten- sity score (CIS). A Primoslite digital fringe projection system (GFM Messtechnik, Berlin, Germany) was used to measure the objective arithmetical roughness (Ra) of the skin surface in the periorbital region. Photography The digital photographs for the blinded wrinkle assess- ment were taken using a Nikon D5100 camera equipped with a Nikkor AF 50mm 1:1.4 lens (Nikon Corporation, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan) and a Walimex RFL-3 ring light (Walser GmbH & Co. KG, Burgheim, Germany). Subject outcome assessment The subjective efficacy parameters were self-assessed at the baseline (t0), after 15 (t15) and 30 (t30) treatments, and Spectral dose distributions of energizing light tech- nology (ELT) and red light technology (RLT) light sources. Relationship between doses and wavelength ranges for ELT and RLT light sources, normalized to the spectral range 611–650nm. Colored bars represent the spectral doses in percentages. FIG. 1.PDF Image | Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Red Near-Infrared Light Treatment
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