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Molecules 2011, 16, 1389-1401; doi:10.3390/molecules16021389 Article New Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) Phthalocyanine Zinc-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bel-7402 Cells by Triggering Apoptosis and Arresting Cell Cycle Chunhui Xia 1,2, Yu Wang 1, Wei Chen 3, Wenxue Yu 2, Baiqi Wang 4 and Tao Li 1,* 1 Basic Medicine Department, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161006, China; E-Mails: chunhuixia1969@sohu.com (C.X.); wyfr1970@sohu.com (Y.W.) 2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mail: slgwy@sohu.com (W.Y.) 3 College of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; E-Mail: chenwei150080@163.com (W.C.) 4 School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; E-Mail: wbq1999@126.com (B.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: litao888@sohu.com; Tel.: +86-452-2663899; Fax: +86-452-2663899. Received: 5 January 2011; in revised form: 17 January 2011 / Accepted: 19 January 2011 / Published: 7 February 2011 Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising antitumor treatment. Phthalocyanine-mediated PDT has shown antitumor activity in some tumor cells, but the effect of new hydrophilic/lipophilic tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy)phthalocyanine zinc (TαPcZn)-mediated PDT (TαPcZn-PDT) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. In the present study, therefore, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum and cellular localization of TαPcZn, and effect of TαPcZn-PDT on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, Bcl-2 and Fas in Bel- 7402 cells were investigated by spectrophotometry, inverted microscope, 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, electron microscopy, annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide double staining, DNA content and immunoblot assay, respectively. We found that an intense absorption in UV-vis absorption spectrum of TαPcZn was in the red visible region at 650–680 nm, where light penetration in tissue is efficient, that green TαPcZn localized to both plasma membrane and nuclear membrane of OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesPDF Image | Zinc-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits the Proliferation
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