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channels we have grouped under the categories of White Identitarian and Conspiracy theory channels. These two groups receive almost no traffic based on the recommendation algo- rithm, as presented in Figures 12 and 6. Fig. 8. Traffic from White Identitarian Channels Another way to visualize the lack of traffic from recom- mendations is to view the recommendations’ flow. Figures 8 and 9 show that the majority of the recommendations flow to either towards Partisan Right, Center/Left MSM, and Partisan Left content. The White Identitarian channel traffic is also directed towards Libertarian and, to a small extent, even towards centrist Anti-SJW content. Besides, the Figure 2 showed that the daily views for White Identitarian channels are marginal. Even if we would compare the views of White Identitarian channels with the Conspiracy channels, we could see that Conspiracy channels are twice as viewed than content created by the White Identitarians. This discrepancy is notable since Conspiracy channels seem to gain zero traffic from recommendations (as shown in Figure 12) and are the least advantaged group of all categories. While MRA (Men’s Rights Activists) channels form the smallest category in our study, the White Identitarian category is in the bottom five of all groups. Another comparison that illustrates the marginality of White Identitarian channels is the fact that this group consists of thirty-seven channels with enough views Fig. 9. Traffic from Conspiracy Channels to fit within the scope of the study. The White Identitarian category includes almost the same number of channels as Libertarian channels but receives only a third as many views. Our fourth claim stated that there exists C4 - Right-Wing Radicalization Pathway i.e., YouTube algorithm influences viewers of mainstream and center-left channels via increas- ingly left-wing critical content to the extreme right.” Again, these data suggest the opposite. The right-wing channel that benefits the most from the recommendation algorithm is Fox News, a mainstream right-wing media outlet. Figure 10 shows that Fox News receives over 50 percent of the recommen- dations form other channels, which map to the category of the Partisan Right. Fox News also receives large numbers of recommendations from every other category that could be considered right-wing. This observation is aligned with the overall trend of the algorithm to benefiting mainstream media outlets over independent YouTube channels. Fox News is likely disproportionally favored on the right due to a lack of other right-leaning mainstream outlets, while traffic in the Center/Left MSM and Partisan Left is more evenly distributed among their representative mainstream outlets. We can also analyze the overall net benefits the mainstream media channels are receiving from the algorithm by aggre- gating the mainstream channels into one high-level group andPDF Image | Algorithmic Extremism: Examining YouTube’s Rabbit Hole of Radicalization
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