Analysis of Growth Strategies in Social Media: The Instagram Use Case

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Bots. Since, it is difficult that all SN users can be interested in the user contents, usually the Growing Techniques are applied to a Niche, so to accounts potentially interested in the user contents. The more widespread and adopted Growing Technique is the so called Follow/Unfollow technique. It is a method that consists in three simple steps: (i) Following, (ii) Waiting and (iii) Unfollowing. Indeed a general user, to apply this technique, it must find some accounts belonging to the selected niche and follow them. Statistically 20%-35% of the followed accounts will follow back [8]. Then, the user must wait an appropriate amount of time (typically between 3 to 7 days) to give to the followed accounts the chance to follow back. Finally, the last step of the techniques, consists in unfollow the undesired accounts. This unfollow operation is usually enforced for one of the following motivations: the user is following too much profiles, the followed profile does not post good content, or the followed account did not follow back. In the considered scenario, defining which is a good result or not is tricky. Indeed, it depends on (i) the niche dimension and so by the profile theme, on (ii) nature of the growing technique and on (iii) the users activities and their frequencies. So, to determine the goodness of the adopted strategy, it is possible to use the number of Followers and Likes as metrics. First of all, an analysis of the needed amount of time for the accounts to reach 1k followers, without using promotions or advertisement, was necessary. From this analysis came out that a general account implies between 2 to 5 months to reach 1k followers. Then, from another analysis investigating which is a sufficient likes result, for each post, came out that the 20% of the post reachability can be assumed as a good result. However, can be noticed that those metrics are function of the Post Reachability, the Weekly Visits and the profile Engagement Rate (ER). The post reachability is an estimation of the number of accounts, without repetitions, that saw at least one of the user post, while the weekly visits metric correspond to the number of accounts that weekly visited the analyzed profile. Finally, the ER is a percentage given by the average of likes and comments over the last 12 posts (excluding the most recent) divided by the total number of followers. This value usually varies accordingly to the following followers ranges [9]: • less than 1.000 follower: ER ≥8%; • between 1.000 and 5.000 followers: ER ≥5,7%; • between 5.000 and 10.000 followers: ER ≥4%; • between 10.000 and 100.000 followers: ER ≥2,4%; • more than 100.000 follower: ER ≥1,7% All the statistic that will be showed in the remaining of this paper are retrieved from (i) the Instagram Application [10], from (ii) the Ninjalitics Platform [9] and from (iii) Instagram Business Profile [11]. Ninjalitics is web platform that allow to check the statistics of a general profiles, checking daily how they are growing and giving some weekly or monthly aggregated results or comparisons with the previous period. Instead Instagram Business is integrated with the Instagram App and it provides, if enabled, a better insight on the ongoing visits on the analyzed profile, on how many users the posts are reaching and so on. B. Motivations Gaining audience in Social Medias is a difficult and time consuming activity. Indeed, for new brands and artists or new professional figures as influencers, youtubers or resellers, being able to differentiate their own work can be non trivial in real life, but it is even more challenging in Social Media environments, that count millions of other person doing similar activities. Many people, as [12], justified those difficulties affirming that some SN can be comparable to pay-per-win systems. These people affirm that, to make users spend time or money on these platforms, there are algorithms that decide the user experience, and so their results, based on the turnover they generate. If users use promotions, they immediately gain visibility. Instead, if they are not willing to spend money, then they will have to produce many posts, interact a lot with other users and see a lot of advertisements to compensate the situation and be able to grow in popularity. Furthermore, with [13], the author demonstrates with the help of data how the Instagram algorithm works, and in particular the close correlation between the number of followers and likes. So, at this point a question comes spontaneously: is there a way to grow by overcoming algorithms? Investigating better some possible solutions to this problem was not difficult to find many unofficial responses, but they are based on the personal experiences and without being proved by data. Moreover, most of those unofficial responses are repetitive, incomplete or not coherently with the growth purpose. So, we tried to generalize the steps of those approaches, deriving a general strategy that works up to mimik users who want to grow on Instagram. Then, we tested this strategy deploying, as we will describe in the following section, a Social Bot. Furthermore, this experiment goes in the same direction of [13], where the author concluded his experiments affirming that to grow with the higher potential and growth rate, the use of Social Bots is necessary. So, to try to confirm the previous statements, in April 2017 we decided to create a new Instagram profile, that we will call @PROFILEA, monitoring its activities. This account were used as a normal user until February 2019, mimiking the fact that the account owner had the hobby of photography and his intention was to use his Instagram account to show to the people his works, obtaining feedbacks from other people and growth in popularity. Then, between February and May 2019, we applied a Growth Strategy, deploying a Social Bot to study the differences. Those elements are detailed in the following Section. III. GROWTH STRATEGIES As anticipated in the previous section, we found many people that, on the basis of their experiences, suggested strategies to growth on Instagram. Since there are a lot of

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