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3 Charging Stations Charging station infrastructure is already built. It is much better in Western Europe, but it is only a matter of time until there are more stations in the Czech Republic and other eastern European countries [KELAG, 2017]. The main problem of the current charging stations is their charging power. Today the best high-current charging stations offer 50 kW of charging power in the Czech Republic. On the other hand, the Tesla Supercharger offers 120 kW of charging power, but for now, it cannot be used by other EVs [Tesla, 2017b]. There are many low-power charging stations in our territory and they offer charging power of 22 kW. 3.1 Standards There are two main charging options in SAE terminology to be distinguished. The first one is 240 volt AC charging used at home or on public place by companies. This AC charging is known as Level 2. The second one is 500 volt DC charging known as high-current or DC Fast Charge [Wikipedia, 2017; Bakker, 2013]. The International Electrotechnical Commission modes definition (IEC 62196): Mode 1 – slow charging from a regular electrical socket (single- or three-phase) Mode 2 – slow charging from a regular socket but with some EV specific protection arrangement Mode 3 – slow or fast charging using a specific EV multi-pin socket with control and protection functions (e.g., SAE J1772 and IEC 62196) Mode 4 – fast charging using some special charger technology such as CHAdeMO There are three connection cases: Case A is any charger connected to the mains (the mains supply cable is usually attached to the charger) usually associated with modes 1 or 2. Case B is an on-board vehicle charger with a mains supply cable which can be de- tached from both the supply and the vehicle – usually mode 3. Case C is a dedicated charging station with DC supply to the vehicle. The mains supply cable may be permanently attached to the charge-station such as in mode 4. 6PDF Image | Driving Range Estimation and Trajectory Planning
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