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–3 – The Page Rank Algorithm 5. If a page (such as E in the current example) has no outward links, redistribute its rank equally among the other pages in the graph. • In this graph, 1/4 of E’s page rank is distributed to pages A, D B, C, and D. • The idea behind this model is that users will keep searching if they reach a dead end. 0.2 CE 0.2 0.2 The Page Rank Algorithm 7. Apply this redistribution to every page in the graph. AB 0.28 0.15 D 0.18 CE 0.22 0.17 The Page Rank Algorithm 8. Repeat this process until the page ranks stabilize. AB 0.26 0.17 D 0.17 CE 0.23 0.16 The Page Rank Algorithm 9. In practice, the Page Rank algorithm adds a damping factor at each stage to model the fact that users stop searching. AB 0.25 0.17 D 0.18 CE 0.22 0.17 PageRank as a Two-Player Game • One of the challenges for the designers of any search engine is ensuring that a commercial interest can’t artificially increase its ranking by creating many others pages whose only purpose is to link to that company’s home page. • Adopting the PageRank algorithm makes it harder for authors to manipulate the system because the ranking of a page depends on the prestige of important pages that are typically outside the control of those who are seeking to game the system. • Preventing users from manipulating their own web rankings is an ongoing problem for all search engine companies. To help ensure that the rankings remain fair, Google must keep the details of the ranking algorithms secret and change them often enough to outwit the would-be saboteurs. Exercise: Quoted Word Sequences • In the movie Enigma, Claire Romilly first meets Tom Jericho on a train while she is solving a cryptic crossword. She muses aloud about the clue—Roast mules go topsy-turvy—and Tom provides the answer. • When you enter a set of search terms, Google allows you to search for a sequence of consecutive words by enclosing those words in quotation marks. In this example, searching for roast or mules is useless; searching for the quoted string "roast mules" brings the answer up immediately. • Given that indexing all pairs of words would be prohibitively expensive in terms of storage, how can Google make this feature work? • Hint: In addition to the URLs of the pages on which a search term appears, Google records the position on that page.PDF Image | Google Page Rank Algorithm
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