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The Charleston Advisor / January 2011 www.charlestonco.com 37 Google Scholar Review Scores Composite: HH 1/2 The maximum number of stars in each category is 5. Content: HHH Expanded coverage of journals and books is a plus, but coverage gaps and ambiguous content are problematic. Problems with illiteracy and innumeracy compromise the integrity of many records. User Interface/Searchability: HH Google Scholar’s Advanced Scholar Search options are not advanced enough for serious researchers; the tool offers limited options for sorting and limiting searches. Pricing: N/A Contract Options: N/A the publicly accessible Web sites and from subscription-based data- bases it is allowed to crawl” (Chen 2010, 221). Chen’s research also indicates that the turnaround time between the date new articles are published to the date they are indexed by Google Scholar has dropped to approximately nine days. Google Scholar has enhanced its coverage still further by including a significant number of patents, legal documents, and court cases. The service enables users to search and read opinions for U.S. state appel- late and Supreme Court cases since 1950, U.S. federal district, appel- late, tax, and bankruptcy courts since 1923, and U.S. Supreme Court cases since 1791. Geographic and Linguistic Expansion Google Scholar has greatly improved and expanded the amount of content it includes from other countries and from publications writ- ten in languages other than English. A 2010 study found that, among a random sample of non-English journal articles, the coverage rate by Google Scholar was 100 percent (Chen 2010, 225). Because most scholarly databases emphasize anglophone sources (in particular those from the U.S., Canada, and the U.K.), Google’s geographic ex- pansion and linguistic additions are noteworthy. Links to Local Content The addition of the Library Links and Library Search tools to Google Scholar is another feature worth highlighting. Those libraries that make full-text access available to researchers via a link resolver can opt-in to Google Scholar’s Library Links feature, which will display an additional link within records to direct users back to the library’s servers and then to the item itself in full-text when available. Library Search provides a similar service for participating libraries whose collections are indexed in OCLC’s Open WorldCat; clicking on the Library Search link takes users to the WorldCat system, where they can find specific titles in area libraries. Bibliographic Citation Support and Alerts Like many other scholarly databases, Google Scholar supports biblio- graphic exporting to a number of citation tools as well as the creation of alerts to inform researchers about articles that have been newly added to the Google Scholar database. The bibliographic exporting feature supports EndNote, RefWorks, and several other tools. And while the Alert function does not guarantee that the articles to which you are directed are recently published (rather, they may be articles that have simply been newly indexed by Google Scholar), this is still a useful feature. Searching Within Citing Articles In July 2010 Google Scholar added the option to search within citing articles for additional terms. After running a search, users can click on the Cited By link beneath an article to see a list of other articles that have cited the original work. By entering additional search terms and clicking on Search Within Articles, users can sort and sift through large numbers of citations to find information on more specific top- ics. For example, a search for John F. Nash, Jr.’s classic 1950 paper, “The bargaining problem,” indicates that it has been cited, according to Google Scholar, more than 4,000 times. The Search Within Articles feature allows users to navigate through those thousands of citing pa- pers by using other keywords (such as economics or political science) to refine those results. Finally, Google Scholar remains a useful resource to identify arti- cles where only a partial or incomplete citation has been found (a good “port in the storm” when other databases are not helpful) and a broad research supplement to interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary searches. THE BAD Unfortunately, the good points of Google Scholar are not strong enough to outweigh the many problems, both “bad” and “ugly,” af- contact information Google 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, California 94043 Phone: (650) 253-0000 Fax: (650) 618-1499 E-mail: URL: URL:

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