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1.2 Network structure and growth To begin our analysis, we first focus on the graph formed by users in online social networks. In Chapter 5, we present an analysis of the structure of four popular online social networks: Flickr, YouTube, LiveJournal, and Orkut. Ours is the first study to examine multiple online social networks at scale; in contrast, previous studies have generally relied on proprietary data obtained from the operators of a single large network. Data gathered from multiple sites enables our analysis to identify common structural properties of online social networks. This analysis allows us to validate the power-law, small-world and scale-free prop- erties previously observed in offline social networks, as well as to provide new insights into the properties of the social network graphs. We observe a high degree of reci- procity in directed user links, leading to a strong correlation between user indegree and outdegree. This differs from content graphs such as the graph formed by Web hyperlinks, where the popular pages (authorities) and the pages with many references (hubs) are distinct [74]. Our analysis also shows that online social networks contain a large, strongly connected core of high-degree nodes, surrounded by many small clus- ters of low-degree nodes. This suggests that high-degree nodes in the core are critical for connectivity and information flow in these networks. We observe an intriguing similarity between the structure of multiple networks, despite different mechanisms, policies, and conventions for creating links. This sug- gests that links are created in a similar manner across all of the networks. Thus, in 5PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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