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6.2 Growth dominates network evolution In all of the networks we examined, we found that link addition was significantly more frequent than link removal. In particular, we found that in Flickr, link additions exceeded link removals in our data sets at a rate of 2.43:1. Similar characteristics were observed in the other networks we studied: in YouTube-U, the ratio of link additions to removals was 3.71:1, and in the Internet, we found that the ratio was 2.06:1. Unfortunately, we did not record removed links for the YouTube-D data set, and we are unable to estimate the fraction of removed links in Wikipedia due to the effects of page vandalism (i.e., vandalized pages often have their entire text, and therefore all of their outgoing links, replaced and then added back). In summary, in the networks in which we were able to record link removals, we observed that link addition significantly exceeded link removal. Thus, in the rest of this chapter, we focus only on how links are added to growing networks, and we leave examining link removal to future work. All of the networks we observed showed a high growth rate: normalizing for different observation periods across the networks reveals an average growth rate of between 31% and 525% per year in terms of nodes, and a growth rate of between 43% and 822% per year in terms of links. These rapidly growing networks offer us a unique opportunity to observe new link creation. 105PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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