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107 often respond to incoming links by quickly establishing a reciprocal link back to the source node. In fact, over 83% of all symmetric links we observed in both Flickr and YouTube-D were established within 48 hours after the initial link creation. We hypothesize that this rapid link creation is enabled by the mechanisms on the online social networking sites: most sites email users of new incoming links and provide an easy mechanism for creating a reciprocal link in response. Thus, our data suggests that users tend to quickly reciprocate links, if they recip- rocate at all. It is therefore highly likely that the establishment of the first link in these networks prompted the creation of the reciprocal link. The Wikipedia data, on the other hand, indicates a lower degree of reciprocation; only 30% of the symmetric links in Wikipedia had both halves of the link created within 48 hours of each other. Our data suggests that reciprocation is an independent mechanism shaping the growth of directed networks. The degree of reciprocation is dependent on the net- work: the two social networks show significant reciprocation, while Wikipedia shows reciprocation, but to a less significant degree. 6.4 Preferential attachment Preferential attachment [15], colloquially referred to as the “rich get richer” phe- nomenon, is a growth model in which new links in a network are attached preferentially to nodes that already have a large number of links. Under preferential attachment, the probability that a new link attaches to a given node is proportional to the node’sPDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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