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148 medium. Existing approaches to thwarting unwanted communication fall into three broad categories. First, one can target the unwanted communication itself, by automati- cally identifying such communication based on its content. Second, one can target the originators of unwanted communication, by identifying them and holding them accountable. Third, one can impose an upfront cost on senders for each communi- cation, which may be refunded when the receiver accepts the item as wanted. Each of these approaches has certain advantages and disadvantages, which we discussed in Chapter 3.4. In this chapter, we describe a method that exploits the difficulty in establishing and maintaining relationships in social networks to impose a cost on the senders of un- wanted communication in a way that avoids the limitations of existing solutions. Our system, Ostra, (i) relies on existing social networks to connect senders and receivers via chains of pairwise relationships; (ii) uses a pairwise, link-based credit scheme that imposes a cost on originators of unwanted communications without requiring sender authentication or global identities; and (iii) relies on feedback from receivers to clas- sify unwanted communication. Ostra ensures that unwanted communication strains the originator’s relationships, even if the sender has no direct relationship with the ultimate recipient of the communication. A user who continues to send unwanted communication risks isolation and the eventual inability to communicate. The relationships (or social links) that Ostra uses exist in many applications. ThePDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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