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8.1.3 User credit Ostra uses credits to determine whether a token can be issued. Each user is assigned a credit balance, B, with an initial value of 0. Ostra also maintains a per-user balance range [L, U ], with L ≤ 0 ≤ U , which limits the range of the user’s credit balance (i.e., L ≤ B ≤ U at all times). We denote the balance and balance range for a single user as BU . For example, if a user’s state is 3+6, the user’s current credit balance is 3, and L −5 it can range between –5 and 6. When a token is issued, Ostra requires the sender to reserve a credit and the receiver to reserve a place holder for this credit in their respective credit balances. To make these reservations, the sender’s L is raised by one, and the receiver’s U is lowered by one. If these adjustments would cause either the sender’s or the receiver’s credit balance to exceed the balance range, Ostra refuses to issue the token; otherwise, the token is issued. When the communication is classified by the receiver, the range adjustments are undone. If the communication is marked as unwanted, one credit is transferred from the sender to the receiver. Let us consider an example in which both the sender’s and the receiver’s initial balances are 0+3. When the token is issued, the sender’s balance changes to 0+3, −3 −2 and the receiver’s balance changes to 0+2, representing the credit reservation. Let −3 us assume that the communication is classified as unwanted. In this case, a credit is transferred from the sender to the receiver; the receiver’s balance becomes 1+3, and −3 the sender’s becomes −1+3. −3 153PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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