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162 Ostra no longer depends on strong identities. We begin by defining a trust network and then describe how Ostra works with weak identities. 8.2.1 Trust networks A trust network is a graph G = (V,E), where V is the set of user identifiers and E represents undirected links between user identifiers who have a trust relationship. Examples of trust networks are the user graph of an email system (where V is the set of email addresses and E is the set of email contacts) and online social networks (where V is the set of accounts and E is the set of friends). For convenience, we shall refer to two users connected by an edge in the trust network as friends. For the purposes of Ostra, a trust network must have the property that there is a non-trivial cost for initiating and maintaining links in the network. As a re- sult, users in the trust network cannot acquire new relationships arbitrarily fast and cannot maintain an arbitrarily large number of relationships. We do not make any assumptions about the nature or the degree of trust associated with a relationship. Finally, the trust network must be connected, meaning that there is a path of trust links between any two user identities in the network. Previous studies [26,105] have shown that the user graphs in existing social networks tend to be dominated by a single large component, implying that the networks are largely connected. Ostra assumes that the users of a communication system are connected by a trust network and that Ostra has a complete view of this network.PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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