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217 First, we demonstrated how to use social networks to address the problem of un- wanted communication. Internet-based communication systems such as email, IM, VoIP, online social networks, and content-sharing sites allow communication at near zero marginal cost to users. Unfortunately, this property can be abused for the pur- pose of spam, unsolicited marketing, propaganda, or disruption of legitimate commu- nication. Using insights on trust in online social networks, we presented Ostra, a novel mechanism that exploits trust relationships among users to block unwanted commu- nication. Ostra uses an existing network, such as a social network, to connect senders and receivers via chains of pairwise relationships, keeping a credit score associated with each link in the network. A user’s links are penalized when she sends unwanted communication, and users whose links have all run out of credit must wait to send messages. Ostra is novel in that it is the first system that can, without assuming strong user identities, effectively ensure that having multiple identities does not ben- efit the attacker. Ostra is sufficiently general that it can be used not only on social networks, but on any network in which links require some effort to form and maintain. Second, we showed how social networks can be used to mitigate the privacy and access challenges that arise when the amount of shared content is growing at an ex- ponential rate. In particular, the growing amount of shared content on online social networks is leading to two pressing challenges. First, since users are sharing increas- ingly personal information, the issue of privacy and access control is becoming morePDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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