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• A need for regulations concerning auditing or regulations of algorithms Two aspects stand out in current discussions. Firstly, most studies primarily focus on functional aspects of the algorithm or its context (Introna and Nussbaum 1999), or influence on the user (Epstein 2015). Yet, as is the case with many things in life, an object/actor/agent is not only what it does or in which context it is situated, but it is also how it is textually (linguistically, visually) represented. Our understanding, acceptance, or lack of acceptance of the algorithm is partly influenced by how the algorithm is positioned or shaped by its creator, users, or other actors. As Fairclough puts it: We cannot take the role of semiosis in social practices for granted; it has to be established through analysis . . . Semiosis in the representation and self-representation of social practices constitutes discourses. Discourses are diverse representations of social life which are inherently positioned – different social actors ‘see’ and represent social life in different ways, different discourses. (Fairclough paraphrased in Wodak 2001, 123) How aspects of life are represented, is thus dependent on the discourse in which it is represented. This brings me to my second point: many researchers state that some solutions such as disclosure of the algorithm is not feasible, based on ‘arguments’ such as possible abuse of disclosed algorithms by hackers (Sandvig et al. 2014, 9), or that disclosure of algorithms will result in search engines returning similar search results (Granka 2010, 366). In this thesis, I will seek how the algorithm is discursively constructed and if and how that explains why scholars seem to think that full disclosure is not feasible. These beliefs may have been constructed or reinforced by a powerful discourse. The lack of algorithmic transparency is in this sense accepted, however reluctantly. In the next chapter, I will account for the methodological approach that has been taken in this study. Figure 4: The discourse on algorithms—whether it is focused on the code, its use, or it implications—defines the meaning of the algorithm. The user is imbedded in this discourse, which makes it difficult to recognize discursive strategies. 23PDF Image | peek into the discursive construction of the Google Search Algorithm: A critical discourse analysis
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