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TikTok: Technology Overview and Issues According to TikTok, [a]ll these factors are processed by our recommendation system and weighted based on their value to a user. A strong indicator of interest, such as whether a user finishes watching a longer video from beginning to end, would receive greater weight than a weak indicator, such as whether the video’s viewer and creator are both in the same country. Videos are then ranked to determine the likelihood of a user’s interest in a piece of content, and delivered to each unique For You feed. The blog post was seen by most as an effort to provide more transparency to the public as the U.S. government was increasing its scrutiny of the company’s practices.10 Data Collection, Storage, and Sharing by TikTok Critics, as well as some members of Congress, cite as problematic the amount of data that TikTok collects from and about its users, how that data is stored, and how it could potentially be shared with the Chinese government and used in influence campaigns11 or against U.S. citizens.12 Based on these concerns, both the Democratic and Republican national committees, the Department of Defense, and some private firms, such as Wells Fargo Inc., have banned or discouraged the use of the TikTok app.13 Data Collection According to its privacy policy,14 TikTok collects a range of user information, including location data and internet address, keystroke patterns, and the type of device being used to access the app. The app also collects and stores a user’s browsing and search history within the app, as well as the content of any messages exchanged using the app. Additional information can be collected based on user permission: phone number, phone book, and social-network contacts; GPS data; user age; user-generated content (e.g., photos and videos); store payment information; and the videos “liked,” shared, watched all the way through, and re-watched. TikTok states that the app collects less personal data than many other apps, such as Facebook and Google, both of which track user activity across devices (TikTok claims that it does not).15 The data that TikTok collects from users appears in many regards to be comparable to what other social media companies 10 Louise Matsakis, “TikTok Finally Explains How the ‘For You’ Algorithm Works,” Wired.com, June 18, 2020, at https://www.wired.com/story/tiktok-finally-explains-for-you-algorithm-works/. 11 Rebecca Jennings, “What’s Going on with TikTok, China, and the US Government?” Vox, December 16, 2019, at https://www.vox.com/open-sourced/2019/12/16/21013048/tiktok-china-national-security-investigation. (Hereinafter, “What’s Going on with TikTok, China, and the US Government?”) 12 Robert McMillan, Liza Lin, and Shan Li, “TikTok User Data: What Does the App Collect and Why Are U.S. Authorities Concerned?” Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2020, at https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-user-data-what- does-the-app-collect-and-why-are-u-s-authorities-concerned-11594157084. (Hereinafter, “TikTok User Data: What Does the App Collect and Why Are U.S. Authorities Concerned?”) 13 Shelly Banjo, Kartikay Mehrotra, and William Turton, “TikTok’s Huge Data Harvesting Prompts U.S. Security Concerns,” Bloomberg.com, July 14, 2020, at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-14/tiktok-s-massive- data-harvesting-prompts-u-s-security-concerns. (Hereinafter, “TikTok’s Huge Data Harvesting Prompts U.S. Security Concerns.”) 14 The privacy policy is available online at https://www.tiktok.com/legal/privacy-policy?lang=en. 15 “TikTok User Data: What Does the App Collect and Why Are U.S. Authorities Concerned?” Congressional Research Service 3PDF Image | TikTok: Technology Overview and Issues Updated October 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service
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