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USING LOTTERIES IN TEACHING A CHANCE COURSE Written by the Chance Team for the Chance Teachers Guide revised August 1, 1998 Probability is used in the Chance course in two ways. First, it is used to help students understand issues in the news that rely on probability concepts. These include: chances of winning at the lottery, streaks in sports, random walk and the stock market, coincidences, evaluating extra sensory perception claims, etc. Second, a knowledge of elementary probability models, such as coin tossing, are necessary to understand statistical concepts like margin of error for a poll and testing a hypothesis. Our goal here is to show how one can use current issues in the news and various activities to make students appreciate the role that probability plays in everyday news stories and to help them understand statistical concepts. We begin by illustrating this in terms of the many interesting probability and statistics problems involved in lotteries. Lotteries are discussed frequently in the news, and they have a huge impact directly and indirectly on our lives. They are the most popular form of gambling and an increasingly important way that states obtain revenue. In a Chance course, we do not give the systematic account presented here, but rather discuss a number of the points made in this presentation as they come up in the news. THE POWERBALL LOTTERY We will discuss lotteries in terms of the Powerball Lottery. The Powerball Lottery is a multi-state lottery, a format which is gaining popularity because of the potential for large prizes. It is currently available in 20 states and Washington D.C. It is run by the Multi-State Lottery Association, and we shall use information from their web homepage, http://www.musl.com. We found their "Frequently Asked Questions," (hereafter abbreviated FAQ) to be particularly useful. These are compiled by Charles Strutt, the executive director of the Association. A Powerball lottery ticket costs $1. For each ticket you are asked mark your choice of numbers in two boxes displayed as follows: 1PDF Image | USING LOTTERIES IN TEACHING A CHANCE COURSE
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