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Unfortunately, the government isn't about to let a lucky winner just walk off with that lump sum without paying taxes. One FAQ inquirer protested the fact that 28% of that payment is withheld in federal tax. In fact, the situation is worse, since some states will take out additional money to cover state tax as well! Here in New Hampshire (at this writing at least!), they will only take out 28%. Thus we finally have to take 72% of our expected winning of $82,039,300 obtaining $59,068,296. Going one last time to Table 5, we find that, even with this huge jackpot, we are still playing a slightly unfavorable game. Perhaps we have now explained the famous quote: "The lottery: A tax on people who flunked math." -- Monique Lloyd WHAT KIND OF NUMBERS DO LOTTERY BUYERS CHOOSE? We have suggested that we might at least be able to avoid sharing the jackpot with people who choose their own numbers if we choose our own cleverly. It is well known that people who choose their own numbers do not choose randomly. They use their child's birthday, their "lucky" numbers, arithmetic progressions such as 2-4-6-8-10-12, numbers from sports, etc. To see what players actually do, we obtained the numbers chosen by players in the Powerball Lottery in one state on May 3, 1996. Recall that at this time the game was played by selecting five of 45 white balls and one of 45 red balls. On this day, 17,001 of the picks were chosen by the buyers, and 56,496 were chosen by the computer (Easy Pick). Thus only about 23% of the picks were chosen by the buyers. We first compare the distribution of the individual numbers from the picks chosen by the computer and those chosen by the buyers. To make the two sets the same size, we use only the first 17,001 picks produced by the Easy Pick method. Each pick contributed 6 numbers, so in both cases we have 102,006 numbers between 1 and 45. Here is a plot of the number of times each of the numbers from 1 to 45 occurred for the picks chosen by the computer: 11PDF Image | USING LOTTERIES IN TEACHING A CHANCE COURSE
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