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consumption, sleep patterns also appeared similar in the NES and control groups. What set the NES group apart were nocturnal awakenings that occurred at a significantly greater frequency than the control group (p<.001). Furthermore, awakenings occurred earlier in the sleep cycle for NES participants (128 minutes vs. 193 minutes, p=.01). Finally, those with NES demonstrated nocturnal ingestions of food on 74% of their awakenings while the control group did not have any intake of food (O’Reardon, Ringel, et al., 2004). Overall, this study indicates that individuals with NES have very different circadian eating and sleeping patterns in comparison to those without NES. Rogers and colleagues (2006) assessed sleep patterns in individuals struggling with NES in comparison to healthy controls. They did not find significant differences in sleep onset or offset, but the NES group spent less time in stage 2 sleep, had lower sleep efficiency, and overall had less sleep than healthy controls. The NES group had more awakenings and spent more time in REM sleep (Rogers et al., 2006). These findings, in conjunction with those documented in the O’Reardon et al. 2004 report, suggest that sleep onset and offset are intact, but that sleep architecture may show a circadian disruption. No studies have conducted a circadian analysis of sleep architecture in persons with NES. Circadian Rhythm in NES: Neuroendocrine Hormones To examine the neuroendocrine markers of NES, Birkedvedt and colleagues (1999) collected 24-hour blood samples from 12 women with NES and 21 female control subjects in an inpatient clinical research center. Participants were admitted in the morning after an overnight fast and were at the clinic for a 24-hour period. Blood samples were taken at 2-hour intervals following an initial draw at admission (8:00 am). Exposure to light was carefully controlled to ensure that each subject had equal exposure to light for the duration of their clinic stay. 14PDF Image | BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPY FOR late NIGHT EATING SYNDRome
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