Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement

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Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement ( effect-led-phototherapy-rate-orthodontic-tooth-movement )

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7 Furthermore, “due to the cooperative behavior of photostimulated cells, it is important to irradiate the application field simultaneously to avoid adverse effects with respect to the intended aims...creating a homogenously distributed mean energy density with the necessary local light intensity, as required for activation” (Sommer et al., 2001). In other words, to observe biostimulation, phototherapy should be delivered to the entire field of tissue uniformly. Thus, two conceptual methods of delivering phototherapy include lasers (eg. LLLT) and LEDs (Vladimirov et al., 2004; Karu, 2003; Sommer et al., 2001).

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