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Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery Volume 19, Number 6, 2001 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 305–314 Effect of NASA Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Wound Healing HARRY T. WHELAN, M.D.,1,6,8 ROBERT L. SMITS, JR., M.D.,1 ELLEN V. BUCHMAN, B.S.,1 NOEL T. WHELAN, B.S.,1,8 SCOTT G. TURNER, M.S.,1 DAVID A. MARGOLIS, M.D.,4 VITA CEVENINI,8 HELEN STINSON, B.S.,8 RON IGNATIUS,3 TODD MARTIN, B.S.,3 JOAN CWIKLINSKI, M.S.,1 ALAN F. PHILIPPI, M.D.,6 WILLIAM R. GRAF, Ph.D.,6 BRIAN HODGSON, D.D.S.,4,5 LISA GOULD, M.D., Ph.D.,2 MARY KANE, B.S.,2 GINA CHEN, B.S.,2 and JAMES CAVINESS, M.D.7 ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and near-infrared light therapy on wound healing. Background Data: Light-emitting diodes (LED), originally developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space show promise for delivering light deep into tissues of the body to pro- mote wound healing and human tissue growth. In this paper, we review and present our new data of LED treatment on cells grown in culture, on ischemic and diabetic wounds in rat models, and on acute and chronic wounds in humans. Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo (animal and human) studies utilized a variety of LED wavelength, power intensity, and energy density parameters to begin to identify conditions for each bi- ological tissue that are optimal for biostimulation. Results: LED produced in vitro increases of cell growth of 140–200% in mouse-derived fibroblasts, rat-derived osteoblasts, and rat-derived skeletal muscle cells, and in- creases in growth of 155–171% of normal human epithelial cells. Wound size decreased up to 36% in conjunc- tion with HBO in ischemic rat models. LED produced improvement of greater than 40% in musculoskeletal training injuries in Navy SEAL team members, and decreased wound healing time in crew members aboard a U.S. Naval submarine. LED produced a 47% reduction in pain of children suffering from oral mucositis. Con- clusion: We believe that the use of NASA LED for light therapy alone, and in conjunction with hyperbaric oxy- gen, will greatly enhance the natural wound healing process, and more quickly return the patient to a prein- jury/illness level of activity. This work is supported and managed through the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center–SBIR Program. INTRODUCTION THE NEED TO CARE for a population with chronic wounds is a growing challenge that requires innovative approaches. Two approaches that specifically address the identified patho- physiological processes involved in wound healing are hyper- baric oxygen (HBO) therapy and light therapy. HBO therapy is currently the standard of care for ischemic, hypoxic, infected, and otherwise slowly healing, problem wounds. We believe that the use of NASA light-emitting diodes (LED) for light therapy alone, and in conjunction with HBO, will greatly en- hance the natural wound healing process. This will save valu- able time and resources for both patients and health care facili- ties. Furthermore, improved wound healing will reduce the risk of infection for the patient, decrease the amount of costly dress- ings required, and more quickly return the patient to a prein- jury/illness level of activity. Laser light and HBO have been widely acclaimed to speed Departments of 1Neurology, and 2Plastic surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 3Quantum Devices, Inc., Barneveld, Wisconsin. 4Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 54th Dental Battalion, 4th Force Service Support Group, USMCR, Marietta, Georgia. 6Naval Special Warfare Group TWO, Norfolk, Virginia. 7Submarine Squadron ELEVEN, San Diego, California. 8NASA—Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama. 305PDF Image | Effect of NASA Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Wound Healing
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