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FIG. 12. Decrease in pain intensity over time after daily treatment with NASA LED light at 670 nm, 4 J/cm2, 50 mW/cm2. LED WOUND HEALING IN HUMAN SUBJECTS Clinical LED wound healing studies have been reported pre- viously;11–13 additional data on human trials are summarized below. Military Special Operations are characterized by lightly equipped, highly mobile troops entering situations requiring optimal physical conditioning at all times. Wounds are an obvi- ous physical risk during combat operations. Any simple and lightweight equipment that promotes wound healing and mus- culoskeletal rehabilitation and conditioning has potential merit. An LED array with three wavelengths combined in a single unit (670, 720, and 880 nm) was delivered to Naval Special Warfare Group–2 (SEALS) in Norfolk, Virginia. Treatment was with 4 J/cm2. A data collection system has been implemented for mus- culoskeletal training injuries treated with LEDs. Data collection instruments now include injury diagnosis, day from injury, range of motion measured with goniometer, pain intensity scales reported on scale 1–10, girth-circumferential measure- ments in centimeters, percent changes over time in all of the aforementioned parameters, and number of LED-treatments re- quired for the subject to be fit-for-full-duty (FFD). These in- juries were sustained 1 month to 1 year prior to LED treatment and had been chronic and unimproving in nature. See summary of data in Figure 11. In collaboration with U.S. Navy Submarine Squadron ELEVEN, data have also been received from the USS Salt Lake City (submarine SSN 716 of the U.S. Naval Pacific Fleet). Sub- marine atmospheres are low in oxygen and high in carbon diox- ide, which compounds the absence of crew exposure to sun- light, making wound healing slower than on the surface. Reports indicate a 50% faster healing of lacerations in crew members treated with a LED array with three wavelengths combined in a single unit (670, 720, 880 nm) compared to un- treated control healing (7 days compared to approximately 14 days, respectively). Complete analysis of data is still underway. Receipt of control data from submarines without LED arrays on board continues, and another submarine recently deployed from Whelan et al. 312 FIG. 13. The difference between LED-treated (mouth) and untreated control (throat) becomes more dramatic over time, with daily treatment using NASA LED light at 670 nm, 4 J/cm2, 50 mW/cm2PDF Image | Effect of NASA Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Wound Healing
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