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Plants 2020, 9, 1344 7 of 15 1.81 mg/g. Overall, among all LEDs treatments, BR light has significantly enhanced the flavonoid contents than other light treatments. Plants 2020, x, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 15 2.3. Effects of LED Light on Expression Level of pal, chs, chi, and fls Encoding Genes 2.3. Effects of LED Light on Expression Level of pal, chs, chi, and fls Encoding Genes The expressional level of genes encoded for pal, chs, chi, and fls proteins were examined to further evaluate the effects of LED lights on the flavonoid accumulation in A. roxburghii. The obtained results The expressional level of genes encoded for pal, chs, chi, and fls proteins were examined to further in thisevsatuludayteitnhdeiecfafteecdts tohfaLtEaDlthligohutgshonththeeefxlapvroesnsoiiodnaoccfupmalualantdionchisngAe.nroexsbiunrgahlili.eTxhperoibmtaeinetadlrceosunldtsitions ofLEiDntlhigishsttsuwdyerinediceactleindetdhaatsalctohmoupgahrtehdeteoxpthressciontoroflp,atlhaendtocthaslgfleanveosninoaidllecxopnetreinmteintapllcaontdsiutinondserBR of LED lights were declined as compared to the control, the total flavonoid content in plants under LED was still higher than that in other lighting treatments (Figure 5c). The results showed that the BR LED was still higher than that in other lighting treatments (Figure 5c). The results showed that transcription of chs of plants developed under all of the LED lights was extremely lower than that in the transcription of chs of plants developed under all of the LED lights was extremely lower than that the FL at the collected time (which is under the daylight period) (Figure 6b). in the FL at the collected time (which is under the daylight period) (Figure 6b). Figure 6. Effect of light conditions on the expression of several flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes: Figure 6. Effect of light conditions on the expression of several flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes: (a) pal (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), (b) chs (chalcone synthase), (c) chi (chalcone isomerase), and (a) pal (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), (b) chs (chalcone synthase), (c) chi (chalcone isomerase), and (d) fls (d) fls (flavonol synthase). Relative expression levels were determined by using the 2(-Delta Delta (flavonol synthase). Relative expression levels were determined by using the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) C(T)) method in fluorescent conditions as the control and actin2 as a housekeeping gene. Error bars method in fluorescent conditions as the control and actin2 as a housekeeping gene. Error bars indicate 3. Discussion indicate standard deviations of three independent experiments. Different letters on bar graphs standard deviations of three independent experiments. Different letters on bar graphs indicate the indicate the significant differences between treatment conditions by using Duncan’s multiple range significant differences between treatment conditions by using Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. test at P < 0.05. This study showed that the expression of chi in A. roxburghii grown under BR treatment was about This study showed that the expression of chi in A. roxburghii grown under BR treatment was 1.18 times higher than the FL (Figure 6c). The results also indicated that the relative expressional level about 1.18 times higher than the FL (Figure 6c). The results also indicated that the relative of fls ienxpAr.esrsoixobnuarlglheviieglroofwflsninuAn.dreorxbBuRrgthrieiagtrmowentuwndaesrmBRorteresattrmonengtlyweaxspmroersesesdtrotnhgalnytehxopsresusendtehratnhe FL (exprethsosisoenunledveerlthweaFsLa(pepxprorexsismioantelelyve1l.w21astiamppesrohxigmhaeter)ly(F1.i2g1utriem6eds)h.igher)(Figure6d). 3. Discussion Light is one of the most indispensable factors for plant growth and development, which is Light is one of the most indispensable factors for plant growth and development, which is directly directly involved in the regulations of plant morphogenesis, metabolism, gene expression, involved in the regulations of plant morphogenesis, metabolism, gene expression, photosynthesis, and other photosynthesis, and other physiological responses. In the last decade, numerous studies have physiological responses. In the last decade, numerous studies have investigated the effects of light quality investigated the effects of light quality and light intensity on plant growth and functional chemical and light intensity on plant growth and functional chemical yields [40]. In this study, a high-value medicinal yields [40]. In this study, a high-value medicinal A. roxburghii plant was selected to investigatePDF Image | LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii
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