LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii

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LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii ( led-lights-promote-growth-and-flavonoid-accumulation-anoecto )

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Plants 2020, 9, 1344 12 of 15 Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/10/1344/s1, Table S1: Primers information used for flavonoids biosynthesis-related genes expression analysis. Table S2: Total average of influence (%) of different lighting treatments on the growth and morphological traits of A. roxbughii. Figure S1: Characteristics of the respective LED irradiance spectra in the different treatments. Author Contributions: D.T.G., P.H.K., P.B.N. and C.H.H. designed and proposed the research. D.T.G., N.K.H., P.T.L.A., N.T.T.H. and L.K.L. performed morphological, biomass analysis and stem anatomical characteristics. D.T.G., P.T.L.A., N.T.T. determined total flavonoids contents. D.T.G., L.K.L., T.D.K., P.B.N. performed gene expression and analyzed all data. D.T.G. wrote the manuscript. C.H.H., P.H.K., P.B.N., T.D.K. revised the manuscript. C.H.H. is the corresponding author and holds all the responsibilities related to this manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam under grant number TN18/C08 of National Science & Technology Program for Development of Center Highlands (Vietnam) and NDT.46.KR/18. Conflicts of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. References 1. Zhang, Y.; Cai, J.; Ruan, H.; Pi, H.; Wu, J. Antihyperglycemic activity of kinsenoside, a high yielding constituent from Anoectochilus roxburghii in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007, 14, 141–145. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Cui, S.C.; Yu, J.; Zhang, X.H.; Cheng, M.Z.; Yang, L.W.; Xu, J.Y. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of water extract from Anoectochilus roxburghii in experimental diabetes. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2013, 65, 485. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Shao, Q.; Wang, H.; Guo, H.; Zhou, A.; Huang, Y.; Sun, Y.; Li, M. Effects of shade treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and physiology of Anoectochilus roxburghii. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e85996. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Ye, S.; Shao, Q.; Xu, M.; Li, S.; Wu, M.; Tan, X.; Su, L. Effects of light quality on morphology, enzyme activities, and bioactive compound contents in Anoectochilus roxburghii. Front. Plant Sci. 2017, 8, 857. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 5. Ho, Y.; Chen, Y.F.; Wang, L.H.; Hsu, K.Y.; Chin, Y.T.; Yu-Chen, S.H.Y.; Wang, S.H.; Chen, Y.R.; Shih, Y.J.; Liu, L.F.; et al. Inhibitory effect of Anoectochilus formosanus extract on hyperglycemia-Related PD-L1 expression and cancer proliferation. Front. Pharmacol. 2018, 9, 87. [CrossRef] 6. National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Editorial Board. National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicine; People’s Medical Publishing House Beijing: Beijing, China, 1978. 7. Lin, W.C.; Shih, C.C.; Wu, Y.W.; Chen, I.J.; Chang, H.L.; Hsu, C.T. Ninety-day oral toxicity study of crude aqueous extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata in rats. J. Chin. Med. 2000, 11, 1–22. 8. Xu, W.J.; Chen, Y.; Huang, Z.Q.; Yang, S.Y.; Chen, J.Y. A preliminary study on the treatment of compound herb a anoectochili capsule on diabetes II. Subtrop. Plantence 2000, 29, 47–49. 9. Liu, Z.F.; Li, Q. Clinical Observation on 30 cases of chronic hepatitis B treated by compound Jinlianlian oral liquid combined with entecavir. Fujian J. TCM 2008, 39, 3–4. 10. Xiao, Z.W. Treatment of 60 cases of infantile cough variant asthma with Anoectochilus roxburghii mixture. Chin. Arch. Tradit. Chin. Med. 2004, 22, 20–25. 11. Chen, X.X.; Xia, X.N.; Zhang, D.F.; Huang, M.; Xiao, Z.G. Treatment of 36 cases of hyperuricemia in elderly patients with Anoectochilus roxburghii capsule. Mil. Med. J. Southeast China 2010, 12, 331–332. 12. Li, Q.; Zhou, W.; Liu, L.; Zheng, L.; Guan, S.C. Clinical observation on the treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease with Anoectochilus roxburghii spray. Fujian J. TCM 2012, 43, 9–10. 13. Xiao, W. Treatment of 49 cases of infantile Tourette syndrome with Anoectochilus roxburghii oral liquid. J. Northwest Pharmacol. 2005, 20, 81–82. 14. Yan, Y.B. Clinical observation on treatment of 60 cases of Hp infection with omeprazole and Anoectochilus roxburghii. Fujian J. TCM 2008, 39, 11–12. 15. Tang, F.; Zhang, X.Q.; Xu, J.T.; Cai, J.Y.; Zhang, J.W.; Zhang, Y.H. Screening on hypoglycemic effective part of Anoectochilus Roxburghii. Chin. Trad. Herb. Drugs 2011, 42, 340–342.

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