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Additional index words. Far-red light, LEDs, light-emitting diodes, red light, white light Abstract. The spectral quality of photoperiodic lighting can affect flowering of short-day plants (SDPs) and long-day plants (LDPs) differently. When delivered during the middle of the night (night interruption, NI), red (R; 600 to 700 nm) light alone can inhibit flowering of SDPs, whereas a combination of R and far-red (FR; 700 to 800 nm) light promotes flowering of some LDPs. However, the influence of low-intensity (≈1–2 μmol∙m−2∙s−1) blue (B; 400 to 500 nm) light, in addition to R and/or FR light, on regulating flowering, if any, has not been established. We investigated the effects of mixed B, R, and FR light on flowering of five SDPs: chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum), cosmos (Cosmos sulfureus), two cultivars of dahlia (Dahlia pinnata), and marigold (Tagetes erecta), and four LDPs: dianthus (Dianthus chinensis), two cultivars of petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hirta). Plants were grown in a greenhouse at constant 20 °C, receiving a truncated 9-hour short day (SD) with or without 4-hour NI lighting from incandescent (INC) lamps or white, B, B+R, B+FR, B+R+FR, or R+FR light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Each lighting treatment delivered a photon flux of 1.5 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 between 400 and 800 nm at plant height. Blue light alone was not perceived as a long day by all SDPs and LDPs tested. For all SDPs, white LEDs inhibited flowering most effectively. The B+R NI was as effective as the white NI at creating a long day for all SDPs except chrysanthemum. The B+FR NI inhibited flowering of marigold and dahlia ‘Leanne’, but not chrysanthemum or dahlia ‘Gallery Pablo’. For marigold, the B+FR NI was less effective than other lighting treatments with R light. The B+R+FR and R+FR NI similarly delayed flowering of all SDPs except dahlia ‘Gallery Pablo’. For all LDPs, an NI with R and FR light were most effective at promoting flowering. For example, flowering of petunia ‘Wave Purple Classic’ was 61PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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