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μmol∙m−2∙s−1 and FR light at 1.3 to 1.6 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 were not perceived as a long day for a variety of photoperiodic ornamental crops (Craig, 2012; Craig and Runkle; 2012). Therefore, the efficacy of one or more wavebands of light at regulating flowering varies among species. Different combinations of wavebands can be more effective than monochromatic light. For example, a mixture of R and FR light was more effective at promoting flowering of LDPs than either alone (Craig and Runkle, 2012; Thomas and Vince-Prue, 1997). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting similar intensities of R and FR light effectively regulated flowering of both SDPs and LDPs (Craig and Runkle, 2012; 2013). However, the effects of additional B light to R and/or FR light in NI lighting have been inconclusive. For example, flowering was earlier in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) ‘Huang- Hsiu-Feng’ and later in chrysanthemum ‘Lung-Feng-Tzu’ under a B+R (B:R = 1:3) NI than an R NI (Ho et al., 2012a). Moreover, a combination of B and R light (B:R = 1:1) promoted flowering of the LDP cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) more effectively than B, R, or FR light alone (Shin et al., 2010). However, the B+R (B:R = 1:1) NI and the R NI were similarly effective at inhibiting flowering of chrysanthemum (Ho et al., 2012b). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NI lighting from different combinations of B, R, and/or FR light provided by LEDs on flowering characteristics of a range of daylength-sensitive ornamental crops. We postulated that low-intensity B light would have no positive or negative effect on flowering when added to R and FR light for NI lighting. In addition, we anticipated that W LED lamps would be less effective than INC lamps for some crops, since W LED lamps emit little FR light. Materials and Methods Plant material 64PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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