LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS

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LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS ( led-regulate-flowering-photoperiodic-ornamental-crops )

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The experiment was performed twice in time with the same growing practices and similar greenhouse environmental conditions. The experiment was first performed from 25 Jan. to 25 May 2013, and was replicated from 9 Apr. to 14 Oct. 2013. The plant species examined included five SDPs: chrysanthemum ‘Golden Cheryl’, cosmos (Cosmos sulfureus) ‘Cosmic Yellow’, dahlia (Dahlia pinnata) ‘Leanne’ and ‘Gallery Pablo’, and marigold (Tagetes erecta) ‘American Antigua Yellow’, and four LDPs: dianthus (Dianthus chinensis) ‘Super Parfait Raspberry’, petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) ‘Wave Purple Classic’ (WPC) and ‘Wave Purple Improved’ (WPI), and rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hirta) ‘Indian Summer’. Rooted cuttings of dahlia ‘Leanne’ and ‘Gallery Pablo’ were received from a commercial grower (Bosgraaf Greenhouses, Inc., Hudsonville, MI) on 15 Jan. 2013 and 8 Apr. 2013. Plugs of all the other young plants, grown from either seeds or cuttings by a commercial young-plant producer (C. Raker & Sons, Inc., Litchfield, MI), were received on 15 Jan. 2013 for the first replication, within one week of seed sow, or after liners were rooted. For the second replication, most young plants were received on 25 Apr. 2013, whereas rooted cuttings of chrysanthemum and seedlings of petunia WPC were received on 10 May 2013. To avoid flower induction, all SDPs were grown under a 16-h photoperiod [consisting of natural days supplemented with light from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps] and all LDPs were grown under a truncated 9-h short-day (SD) photoperiod at constant 20 °C in a research greenhouse until the start of treatments. Once the plants were ready for transplant, ten randomly selected plants per treatment and cultivar were potted using a commercial peat-perlite medium (Suremix; Michigan Grower Products, Inc., Galesburg, MI) and transferred to different treatments in another research greenhouse maintained at constant 20 °C. Chrysanthemum, cosmos, dahlia ‘Leanne’ and ‘Gallery Pablo’, and marigold were transplanted on 7 Feb., 24 Jan., 24 Jan., 24 Jan., and 24 Jan. 2013, respectively, for the first replication, and 65

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