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Additional index words. Day-extension lighting, LEDs, light-emitting diodes Abstract. Under a short photoperiod, lighting at the end of a day (day extension, DE) or during the middle of a night (night interruption, NI) can regulate flowering of photoperiodic crops. Low- intensity red (R; 600 to 700 nm) and far-red (FR; 700 to 800 nm) light controls flowering of a wide range of plants, whereas low-intensity blue (B; 400 to 500 nm) light generally does not. However, the effects of high-intensity B light alone or added to R and FR light on flowering and photomorphogenesis have not been fully elucidated. We grew plants of calibrachoa (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hirta), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), and marigold (Tagetes erecta) in a greenhouse at 20 °C under a 9-h natural short day (SD) with or without 5.5-h DE and/or 4-h NI lighting from light- emitting diodes. Blue light was delivered at 0, 1, 15, or 30 μmol∙m−2∙s−1, in some cases with R+white (W)+FR light at 2 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 between 400 and 800 nm. Peak wavelengths of B, R, and FR light were 450 nm, 666 nm, and 738 nm, respectively. Blue light at 30 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 created long days (LDs) in all crops as effectively as R+W+FR light. Flowering of calibrachoa and petunia, but not other crops, was 2 to 4 days earlier when B light at 30 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 was added to R+W+FR light. For all crops tested except rudbeckia and marigold, NI lighting was more effective than DE lighting. Rudbeckia was 14 to 19% shorter at flowering under B light at 30 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 than under a combination of B and R+W+FR light, but there were few or no height differences among treatments in other crops. Chlorophyll content, only measured in marigold, was promoted under high-intensity B light. We conclude that NI lighting with high- intensity B light, alone and when added to R and FR light, can regulate flowering of a wide range of crops. 94PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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