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lighting with B light (peak wavelength = 455 nm) at 100 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 (Singh et al., 2013). However, B light at low and high intensities was perceived as an LD signal by LDPs and SDPs in other studies (Hamamoto et al., 2003; Saji et al., 1982; Shin et al., 2010). Whether photoperiodic B light mediates flowering may depend on light intensity, light duration, specific B light wavelengths, and species and cultivars. Although we concluded that B light at 1 to 2 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 was not effective at interrupting the night, the effectiveness of a higher intensity of B light cannot be eliminated for two reasons: B light-absorbing cryptochromes mediate flowering in at least some plants, and phytochromes have low secondary absorption peaks in the B region (Butler et al., 1965; Vierstra and Quail; 1983), so a higher irradiance may be required to elicit a phytochrome-mediated response. Conventional broad-spectrum light sources, such as compact fluorescent (Runkle et al., 2012), HPS (Blanchard and Runkle, 2010), and INC (Craig and Runkle, 2012) lamps, can effectively create LDs for most photoperiodic crops, but much of the light emitted – and therefore energy consumed – is not necessary for photoperiodic lighting. In contrast, light- emitting diode (LED) technology is typically at least as energy efficient as conventional lamps (Nelson and Bugbee, 2014; Pimputkar et al., 2009), enables specification of spectral composition and structural design, and increases the useful life span of the lamp (Schubert and Kim, 2005). If the optimal spectrum that effectively regulates flowering is clearly understood, LEDs can be used to enhance the productivity and sustainability of specialty crop production. This study investigated the effects of B light, with and without R+W+FR light, from LEDs to control flowering of photoperiodic ornamental crops. We postulated that high-intensity B light would create effective LDs when delivered alone. 97PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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