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under the B30 NI and B30* NI formed 2 to 6 more VBs than those under the B0* NI and B1* NI. Plants had 6 or 7 more leaves under all lighting treatments than under the SD. The SPAD value generally increased with B light intensity and was greatest under lighting treatments with B light at 30 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 (Figure IV-4). Discussion For a variety of LDPs and SDPs, low-intensity B light (<5 μmol∙m−2∙s−1) is generally ineffective at extending natural SDs (Thomas and Vince-Prue, 1997). In Chapter 3 of this thesis, we concluded that B light (peak wavelength = 462 nm) at 1 to 2 μmol∙m−2∙s−1, alone and when added to R+FR light, did not influence flowering. Similarly, a 4-h NI with B light (peak wavelength = 455 nm) at 3 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 did not promote flowering of several obligate LDPs (Craig, 2012). In addition, a 4-h NI with B light (peak wavelength = 450 nm) at 0.8 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 or B light (peak wavelength = 470 nm) at 3.3 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 did not affect flowering of chrysanthemum ‘Huang-Hsiu-Feng’ or ‘Lung-Feng-Tzu’ (Ho et al., 2012). For at least some plants in the Brassicaceae, B light alone is effective for photoperiodic lighting (Thomas and Vince-Prue, 1997). For example, 1-h NI lighting at 250 mW∙m−2 (probably <2 μmol∙m−2∙s−1) from B fluorescent tubes (peak wavelength = 460 nm, but also weakly emitted FR light) promoted flowering of Arabidopsis (Goto et al., 1991). Additional plants outside of the Brassicaceae perceived B light as an LD signal. For example, a 1-h NI with B light (peak wavelength = 436 nm, intensity not reported) inhibited flowering of the SDP rice (Oryza sativa) (Ishikawa et al., 2009). A 10-min B NI (peak wavelength = 450 nm) inhibited flowering of the SDP duckweed (Lemna paucicostata); however, B light needed to be 20, 100, and 3 times higher in intensity, respectively, than green, R, and FR light to have the same inhibitory effect (Saji et 104PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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