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most often the different layers of tissue (skin, fat, muscle, ligament, and bone) the photons will be reflected, refracted, absorbed, or transmitted. In addition, if the treatment head is not held perpendicular to the skin, the energy is refracted and scattered (McLeod, 2004). Dosage refers to the amount of energy the patient is receiving during his treatment time. In LT the dosage is given in joules. A joule is an international system unit of electrical, mechanical and thermal energy. The total amount of energy is equal to the output wattage and the treatment duration (Joules = power × duration) (Starkey, 2004). Power is the laser’s output power in watts and time is the treatment duration in seconds (McLeod, 2004). Depending on the duration or time that you are administering your dosage you can achieve a number of outcomes. The most important measurement in laser dosage is the energy density, which is calculated by dividing the total energy delivered to an area by the area of irradiation and expressed as joules per centimeter squared (J/cm2) (Marovino, 2004). Dosages reported by other researchers include ranges from 2-10 joules of energy per point of treatment (Marovino, 2004). I focused on pain and swelling in my active research. Marovino, (2004) reported that even at what is recognized today as being a very low dosage, it was still effective in reducing pain and tenderness in their small sample group. An additional finding according to Marovino, (2004) was that the more acute or immediate the injury, the less energy was needed to irradiate the area. The frustrating problem with the parameters of wavelength and dosage is that most of the research reports how important wavelength and dosage are, but the authors are quick to say that they did not really know what the right parameters were, and if they 11PDF Image | Light Therapy on Pain and Swelling vs Collegiate Athletes
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