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inside the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light ranges from 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). Beyond the red portion of the visual range is the infrared and microwave region, and below that is ultraviolet, x-ray, etc. (Prentice, 2003). The wavelength is the most important determinant of tissue penetration (Wertz, 2004). It is known that lasers with different wavelengths produce different effects on fibroblasts. The literature has begun to show that the effects of laser using visible and near-infrared wavelengths showed differences. Most of them indicated that the best results were obtained when visible wavelength was used (Almeida-Lopez, 2001). Optimal light wavelengths, which were proven in prior studies of laser and LED light to speed wound healing, include 680 nm, 730 nm, and 880 nm. Spectra analysis taken from wrist flexor muscles in the forearm and muscles in the calf of the leg demonstrate that most of the photons at wavelengths of 630 nm and 800 nm travel approximately 23 cm through the skin surface (Whelen, 2003). One of the main problems that practitioners need to be cautious of is the fact that tissue absorption and scattering of the energy affects the wavelengths and dosages that are used. Tissue absorbing properties are dependent on their concentration of light accepting molecules such as amino acids, cytochromes, chromophores and water. Each of these interacts with light at specific wavelength ranges or bandwidths. Scattering is considered to be a change in light propagation direction and thought to occur due to the varying shapes of biomolecules. Depth of penetration is determined by tissue type and wavelength emitted by a laser system. As with many forms of energy there is loss of the amount of energy that reaches the area to be treated due to the absorption and scattering issues (Marovino, 2004). According to the law of Grothus-Draper, when photons emitted from a laser encounter a change in density – in the case of therapeutic applications this is 10PDF Image | Light Therapy on Pain and Swelling vs Collegiate Athletes
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