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Mechanisms of Action: Acetylcholine, Bradykinin and Ions Two more neurotransmitter chemicals involved in pain are acetylcholine and bradykinin. These two are affected by light therapy. Nerve tissue membranes are threaded through with ion channels. It is now conventional wisdom that acetylcholine and nicotine act at these receptors to alter electrochemical properties at a variety of synapses, which can in turn affect the release of several other neurotransmitters. When activated by acetylcholine they allow selected ions to flow across the cell membrane, suppressing pain responses. Infrared light exposure increases acetylcholine levels. In contrast, bradykinin levels are suppressed by infrared light, reducing signaling of pain in the central nervous system. It is likely that several or all of these mechanisms contribute to the analgesic activity of light therapy. 1 Photochemical Production of Nitric Oxide via Two-Photon Excitation with NIR Light. 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Vol. 12. World Association of Laser Therapy. 2000. xiii Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, and Enwemeka CS. Laser photo stimulation accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2001. 9:248-255. xiv Stadler I, et al. 830 nm irradiation increases the wound tensile strength in diabetic murine model. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2001. 28 (3):220- 226. xv Parizotto N, et al. Structural analysis of collagen fibrils after He-Ne laser photostimulation. 2nd Congress, World Association for Laser Therapy. Kansas City. 1998. xvi Simunovic Z, et al. Low level laser therapy of soft tissue injuries upon sport activities and traffic accidents: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on 132 patients. Pain Center-Laser Center, Locarno, Switzerland. Abstract from II Congress of the Internat. Assn for Laser and Sports Medicine, Rosario, Argentina. March 10-12, 2000. xvii Naeser, M.A., Hahn, H-A. K., Lieberman, B.E., Branco, K.F. (2002) Carpal tunnel syndrome pain treated with low-level laser and microamperes Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation: a controlled study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83: 978-988. xviii Whelan HT,et, al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2001 Dec;19(6):305-14. xix Simunovic Z, Ivankovich AD, Depolo A. Wound healing of animal and human body sport and traffic accident injuries using low-level laser therapy treatment: a randomized clinical study of seventy-four patients with control group. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2000 Apr;18(2):67-73. xx Stergioulas A. Low-level laser treatment can reduce edema in second degree ankle sprains. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2004 Apr;22(2):125-8. xxi Bjordal J M, CouppeĢ C, Ljunggren E. Low Level Laser Therapy For Tendinopathy. Evidence Of A Dose-Response Pattern. Physical Therapy Reviews. 2001; 6: 91-99. xxii Stein A, Benayahu D, Maltz L, Oron U.Low-level laser irradiation promotes proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts in vitro. Photomed Laser Surg. 2005 Apr;23(2):161-6. xxiii E. Fukuhara, T. Goto, T. Matayoshi, S. Kobayashi, And T. Takahashi Stimulatory Effects of Low-energy Laser Irradiation on the Initial Proliferation of Rat Calvarial Osteoblasts . Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan. xxiv Hamajima S, Hiratsuka K, Kiyama-Kishikawa M, Tagawa T, Kawahara M, Ohta M, Sasahara H, Abiko Y. Effect Of Low-Level Laser Irradiation On Osteoglycin Gene Expression In Osteoblasts. Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. Lasers Med Sci. 2003;18(2):78-82.PDF Image | Mechanisms of Action for Infrared Light on Tissue Healing
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