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Molecules 2020, 25, 4102 Name Furanocoumarins Polyacetylenes and Thiophenes Curcumins Alkaloids Anthraquinones Table 2. List of plant-based natural photoactive compounds with known photoactivity. 8 of 22 Reference [68–70] [71–75] [76–78] [79–87] [88–91] Absorption Maxima 333 nm 488 nm 420–480 nm 360 nm 437 nm Chemical Property and Groups Aromatic compounds possessing a furan ring. Furanoacetylenes thiarubrines, thiophenes, polyacetylene (aliphatic compounds with more than three conjugated triple bonds), thiophenes (aromatic acetylenes; e.g., phenylheptatriyne). Dicinnamoylmethane, curcumin, curcuminoids, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin. Chinolin alkaloids, pterins, benzylisoquinolines, beta-carbolines, harmine. Hydroxyanthraquinones, rhein, physcion, emodin, rubiadin, damnacanthol, soranjidiol, alizarin, purpurin, rubiadin, aloe-emodin, 1,5-dihydroxy przewalsquinone B, ziganein, uredinorubellins, caeruleoramularin, hypericin, cercosporin, elsinochromes A-C pleichrome, hypocrellin. Natural Sources Angelicae dahuricae, Tetradium daniellii, Glehnia littoralis, Heracleum persicum, Syzygium Sps, Ruta graveolens, Ficus sps. Asteraceae spp, Heliopsisa, Rudbeckia spp, Arnica, Centaurea scabiosa, Tagetes erecta, Porophyllum obscurum, Echinops, Bidens, Ambrosia chamissonis, T. minuta, E. latifolius, E. sgrijissi, Rhaponticum uniflorum. Curcuma longa. Guatteria blepharophylla, Berberis vulgaris, Sanguinaria Canadensis, Mahonia aquifolium Peganum harmala, Indigofera tinctoria. Polygonum cuspidatum, Heterophyllaea pustulata, H. lycioides Aloe vera, Rheum palmatum, Rumex crispus Polyathia suberosa, Dactylopius coccus, Xanthoria parietina, Drechslera avenae, Ramularia collo-cygni. H. perforatum, Fagopyrum esculentum. Possible Mode of Action DNA intercalation under dark type 2 PDT reaction. Crosslinking and adduct formation with DNA and RNA. Cell membrane damage. Membrane damage or erythrocyte leakage; type 1 and type 2 PDT reaction, as well as type 1 and 2 PDT mixed reaction. Cell membrane is the primary target of curcuminoids. Induction of caspase-mediated cell death. Photo-oxidises histidine and tryptophan, resulting in DNA crosslinking. Photooxidation, type 1 PDT mechanism and targets mitochondria. Type 1 and 2 PDT action.PDF Image | Role of Photoactive Phytocompounds in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
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