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wound healing may have multiple applications that benefit civilian medical care, military situations and long-term spaceflight. Enhancing the soldier's tissue responses to injury may lead to battlefield resilience and medical independence. Counter-measures to chemical, biological and radioactive weapons exposures, which are based on biostimu- lation of natural tissue regeneration mechanisms could be more universally safe and ef- fective than conventional drugs and surgical modalities. Regeneration of wounded organs and limbs may also be possible if biostimulation could re-awaken molecular events leading to re-growth of tissue. Central nervous system regeneration would be of particular benefit. Thus far, we have demonstrated that the best results for wound healing occur at wavelengths of 670 nm and 880 nm using energy densities 4-8 J/cm2, applied at power intensities of approxi- mately 50 mW/cm2. However, studies to determine molecular mechanisms could lead to the optimization for current uses, as well as open up new applications. Despite numerous reports on the benefits of near-IR on wound healing and rehabilita- tion over the last decade, the basic mechanisms of its action remain poorly understood. Britton Chance's group has reported that about 50% of near-IR light is absorbed by mi- tochondrial chromophores, such as cytochrome oxidase. However, the underlying cellular and molecular events are still unknown (Karu 1999, Sommer et al. 2001, Whelan et al. 1999, 2000, 2001). Methods In order to better understand the effects of LEDs on cell growth and proliferation, we have measured radiolabeled thymidine incorporation in vitro in several cell lines and animals treated with LED light at various wavelengths and energy levels, including 670, 730, 880 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 4-8 J/cm2. These data are important demonstrations of cell- to-cell contact inhibition, which occurs in vitro once cell cultures approach confluence. This is analogous, in vivo, to a healthy organism, which will regenerate healing tissue, but stop further growth when healing is complete. It is important to note that LED treatment accelerates normal healing and tissue regeneration without producing over- growth or neoplastic transformation. In addition, we have recently begun using NASA LEDs to promote healing of acute oral lesions in pediatric leukemia patients. A 4-J/cm2, 50-mW/cm2 dose of 670-nm light from LEDs was applied daily to the outside of each of 15 patients at the left cheek beginning on the day of bone marrow transplantation. The status of their oral mucosa, mouth, and throat pain were assessed three times a week by two calibrated dental clinicians. Throat pain was consistently higher than mouth pain, and because our light does not extend into this region, we have used this pain as our control. Although mouth and throat pain were initially similar, mouth pain peaked at 86% of throat pain on day 5 after transplant and subsequently fell to only 53% of re- ported throat pain by day seven. The greatest difference between throat and mouth pain was reported on day seven, when, surprisingly, oral mucosal ulceration is believed to be worst in untreated patients. 33PDF Image | THE USE OF NASA LED NEAR-INFRARED TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOSTIMULATION
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