PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
molecules Review Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae Mona M. Ismail 1 , Badriyah S. Alotaibi 2 and Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh 3,* 1 2 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria 21556, Egypt; mona_es5@yahoo.com Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; bsalotaibi@pnu.edu.sa Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt 3 * Correspondence: mostafaelsheikh@science.tanta.edu.eg; Tel.: +20-1224106666; Fax: +20-403350804 Academic Editor: Benoît Chénais Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: Red Seaweed “Rhodophyta” are an important group of macroalgae that include approximately 7000 species. They are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive constituents, including protein, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds with nutritional, medical, and industrial importance. Polysaccharides are the main components in the cell wall of red algae and represent about 40–50% of the dry weight, which are extensively utilized in industry and pharmaceutical compounds, due to their thickening and gelling properties. The hydrocolloids galactans carrageenans and agars are the main red seaweed cell wall polysaccharides, which had broad-spectrum therapeutic characters. Generally, the chemical contents of seaweed are different according to the algal species, growth stage, environment, and external conditions, e.g., the temperature of the water, light intensity, nutrient concentrations in the ecosystem. Economically, they can be recommended as a substitute source for natural ingredients that contribute to a broad range of bioactivities like cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory. This review touches on the main points of the pharmaceutical applications of red seaweed, as well as the exploitation of their specific compounds and secondary metabolites with vital roles. Keywords: bioactive compounds; drugs; seaweed; Rhodophyta 1. Introduction Macroalgae are macroscopic benthic marine algae (seaweed) living in the intertidal zone. They are characterized by autotrophic nutrition and fast-growth; they do not need land for cultivation and their growth rate is faster than terrestrial plants [1]. They are categorized into three different groups Chlorophyta; Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta, based on their pigment composition and storage food Figure 1. Red seaweed are the critical source of numerous bioactive compounds, in contrast with the other two groups of green and brown seaweed like polysaccharides “floridean starch and sulfated galactans, such as carrageenans or agars”, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, phycobiliproteins, other pigments, phycolectins and mycosporine-like amino acids, which have many biological and industrial applications [2,3]. The protein content in red seaweed varied between 10–50% of the dry weight and being higher than macroalgal groups and some foods [4]. In addition, they contain the essential amino acid, about 25–50% of the total amino acids, is like other protein sources like leguminous plants [5]. Red and green seaweed contain the largest amount of phenolic compounds like flavonoids, phenolics acids, and bromophenols, which had different medical applications, due to the reaction of Molecules 2020, 25, 4411; doi:10.3390/molecules25194411 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesPDF Image | Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae
PDF Search Title:
Therapeutic Uses of Red MacroalgaeOriginal File Name Searched:
molecules-25-04411-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Cruise Ship Reviews | Luxury Resort | Jet | Yacht | and Travel Tech More Info
Cruising Review Topics and Articles More Info
Software based on Filemaker for the travel industry More Info
The Burgenstock Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
Resort Reviews: World Class resorts... More Info
The Riffelalp Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@cruisingreview.com | RSS | AMP |