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Molecules 2011, 16 1393 3 also showed that TαPcZn-PDT had little effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), indicating that TαPcZn might be an effective and safe photosensitizer. The TαPcZn-PDT processes can be explained as follows [25]: (1) When irradiated with red light, TαPcZn absorbs energy and converts to a triplet state (3TαPcZn*), a process known as intersystem crossing; (2) 3TαPcZn* interacts with water and oxygen in its molecular oxygen (O2) or triplet state (3O2) to generate ROS (1O2, H2O2, OH and·O-2); (3) The generated ROS result in destruction of Bel-7402 cells. The processes described above can be expressed as follows: Intersystem crossing 3 * TαPcZn+hν ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ TαPcZn (1) 3TαPcZn* +O +H O⎯⎯→H O +⋅OH+⋅O− (2) 22222 3 T α P c Z n * + 3 O ⎯ ⎯→ 1 O 22 ( 3 ) ROS(H O ,⋅OH,⋅O−,1O )+Bel-7402cells⎯⎯→DestructionofBel-7402cells (4) 2222 2.3. TαPcZn cellular localization To further assess inhibitory effect of TαPcZn-PDT, TαPcZn localization in Bel-7402 cells was detected by an inverted microscope. Previous studies suggested that phthalocyanine photosensitisers band to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes [26,27]. The present inverted microscope assay showed that green TαPcZn selectively localized to both plasma membrane and nuclear membrane of Bel-7402 cells (Figure 4A3 and Figure 4A4), signifying that there was a selective uptake of TαPcZn in Bel-7402 cells and TαPcZn-PDT would be expected to directly damage DNA. In addition, it is clear that the hydrophilic carboxy/lipophilic phenyl structure led to the selective uptake of TαPcZn by Bel-7402 cells. Figure 4. Effect of TαPcZn-PDT on Bel-7402 cells morphology. (A) Bel-7402 cells morphology analyzed by inverted microscope. Bars under each panel represent 50 um. (B) Bel-7402 cells morphology analyzed by Electron microscopy. Bars under each panel represent 500 nm. Morphology assay in: panel A1 or B1, control Bel-7402 cells treated with 0.1% DMSO; panel A2 or B2, Bel-7402 cells treated with red-light irradiation (53.7 J/cm2); panel A3 or B3, Bel-7402 cells treated with 54 μM TαPcZn; and panel A4 or B4, Bel-7402 cells treated with 54 μM TαPcZn in the presence of red-light irradiation (53.7 J/cm2).PDF Image | Zinc-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits the Proliferation
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