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MATHEMATICS BEHIND GOOGLE PAGERANK ALGORITHM

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MATHEMATICS BEHIND GOOGLE PAGERANK ALGORITHM ( mathematics-behind-google-pagerank-algorithm )

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One of the earliest search engines was Archie, created in 1990 by Em- tage. This was basically a database of web file names with a regular expression matcher to serve user queries. In 1993 came Jumpstation, a search engine that crawled the Internet for page titles and headers, and returned them for simple search matches. Webcrawler was released in April of 1994, the first engine to allow users to search for any word in the webpage. Lycos soon followed in July of 1994, with ranked relevance retrieval, prefix matching, and word proximity bonuses in their search, as well as a large catalog. Altavista came on Decem- ber of 1995, one of the first to allow natural language queries. May of 1996 saw the release of the HotBot search site. In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine; using human editors to match search queries, and ranked results based on popularity. At this time is when Google entered the scene, becoming one of the major search engines. Ya- hoo! used Google as its search engine provider until 2003, when they started using their own search engine, from all of the companies they had acquired. MSN was launched in 1998, owned by Microsoft, which used the Hotbot search engine until 2005, when they developed their own. In 2009, they changed its name to Bing. In July of 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo! announced that the Ya- hoo! search engine would be powered by Bing. Many of the search sites have shut down or been bought out by others, leaving it now with Google at the lead, with 1,800,000,000 monthly visitors, followed by Bing at 500,000,000, Yahoo! at 490,000,000, and Ask Jeeves at 300,000,000 as of July 2017 ”Top 15 Most Popular Search Engines June 2017”. 22

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