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CHAPTER V USES IN CITATION NETWORKS 5.1 Measurement of Author Impact One of the areas that the PageRank algorithm has been most extensively studied is in citation networks. The measurements of a researcher’s productivity for many years have mostly been by the number of publications that they have released. In 1972, Garfield proposed for scientific journals a measurement of their impact on the scientific community. Their impact factor was measured by taking the average of the number of citations that a journal received in the past two years. This was done in an attempt to curtail the large number of what was seen as unnecessary journals at the time. It has later been adapted to use for individuals to measure their scientific worth, taking the average number of citations they received across all of their published work. In order to determine the impact of those publications, it is common to mea- sure the number of times that each work has been cited. This has been used for various procedures such as hiring, promoting, or awarding grants, but it also has faced criticism. While a paper may have a large number of citations, it may be only due to how well-known the work is, while another work may have a sig- nificant influence in the field but is only referenced by a handful of other papers. By applying the PageRank algorithm to the process, it can be used to measure the relative importance of papers and their authors, where even almost forgotten papers that influenced later important works can be shown for their value. Another method was proposed by Hirsch in his 2005 paper. The Hirsch in- dex or h-index is a number to characterize the scientific impact of a researcher. The h-index is the maximum value of the author’s h number of publications that 23PDF Image | MATHEMATICS BEHIND GOOGLE PAGERANK ALGORITHM
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