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165 Figure 8.3 : Link state when X sends communication to friend Y . The state of the link balance and range is shown (a) before the token is issued, (b) after the token is issued, (c) if Y marks the communication as unwanted, and (d) if Y marks the communication as wanted or if the timeout occurs. user Y . As in the strawman design, Ostra allows users to have multiple outstanding to- kens by reserving credits for each potential transfer. In the example in the previous paragraph, Ostra raises the lower bound for the X ↔ Y link by one. This single adjustment has the effect of raising X’s lower bound and lowering Y ’s upper bound, because the lower bound on the X ↔ Y link can be viewed as the upper bound on the Y ↔ X link. Figure 8.3 shows the state of the X ↔ Y link during each stage of the transaction. By adjusting the balance this way for outstanding tokens, Ostra ensures that the link balance remains within its range regardless of how the pending communication events are classified. Later, in the classification stage, user Y provides Ostra with the token and the decision whether X’s communication was wanted. The balance range adjustment that was performed in the authorization phase is then undone. Moreover, if Y reports that the communication was unwanted, Ostra adjusts the balance on the X ↔ Y link by subtracting one, thereby transferring a credit from X to Y . Thus, if the previousPDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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