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166 state of the link was 0+3 , the final state would be −1+3, meaning X owes Y one X→Y X→Y −3 −3 credit. Finally, Ostra automatically cancels the token after a specified timeout T. Communication among non-friends So far, we have considered the case of sending communication between two friends in the trust network. In this section, we describe how Ostra can be used for communi- cation between any pair of users. When a user X wishes to send communication to a non-friend Z, Ostra finds a path consisting of trust links between X and Z. For example, such a path might be X↔Y ↔Z,whereXandY arefriendsinthetrustnetwork,andY andZarealso friends. When this path is found, the range bounds are adjusted as before, but this occurs on every link in the path. For example, if X wishes to send communication to Z, Ostra would raise the lower bound of both the X ↔ Y and the Y ↔ Z links by one. Figure 8.4 shows a diagram of this procedure. If this adjustment can be done without violating any link ranges, Ostra issues a token to X. Similar to the transfer between friends, the token is then attached to X’s commu- nication to Z. Later, in the classification stage, Z provides Ostra with the token and the decision whether the communication was wanted. Now, the range adjustments on all the links along the path are undone. If the communication was unwanted, the credit is transferred along every link of the path; Figure 8.4 (c) shows the result of this transfer.PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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