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192 unable to route to B. This situation may arise if B is very weakly connected to the network and is not within three hops of any landmark. Thus, users who are not within three hops of a landmark are unreachable by other users via the coordinate mechanism. However, they can still originate communication to other reachable users, as well as receive communication from users within their three-hop radius. Landmark selection Next, we discuss how to select landmarks. Too few landmarks limits the reachability of users in the network. Too many landmarks impacts the efficiency of the system, as the sizes of the coordinates grow with each additional landmark. Ideally, one would like to pick the minimal set of users to be landmarks, such that every user in the network is within 3 hops of at least one landmark. We use a simple distributed landmark selection scheme. Each user periodically checks to see if she is within 3 hops of a landmark. If not, and the user is sufficiently well connected to the network (i.e., she has at least Lmin friends), the user becomes a landmark herself. This scheme guarantees that all sufficiently well connected users are reachable, but it does not guarantee a minimally-sized set of landmarks. 8.5.5 Decentralized credit update When the path in the trust network between the sender and receiver has been deter- mined, the credit balances and bounds are updated in a decentralized manner during authorization, classification, and token expiration.PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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