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191 Users determine their coordinate using their friend’s coordinates. For each land- mark user, the distance from that landmark is the minimum of all of their friends’ hop distances plus 1. For example, if U is friends with A and B, and A’s coordinate is {2M,4N} and B’s coordinate is {4M,7N}, then U’s coordinate is {3M,5N}. Addi- tionally, U records her next-hop for each coordinate. (In the example, U would record that A is the next hop towards M, and either A or B are the next hop towards N). Friends periodically exchange their coordinates and repeat the same calculation. Given a stable set of landmarks, the calculation converges to a stable set of coordi- nates. In order to reduce the overhead of coordinate updates, new coordinates are only published by users once per interval I. Routing When a user A computes a path to a user B, A obtains B’s coordinate through the underlying communication system’s lookup service. A then looks for landmarks that appear in both B’s and A’s coordinate, and are within three hops of B. If such a landmark L exists, then A has found a path to B. This is because A knows how to get to L (by routing via the next hop), and L is able to use B’s bloom filter to find a path to B (since B is within 3 hops of L). Additionally, each user along the path can check to see if B can be reached using bloom filter routing, attempting to detect a shorter path. If A is unable to find a shared landmark that is within 3 hops of B, then A isPDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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