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4 International Journal of Photoenergy 2000 100 1500 1000 500 0 100 50 0 −50 50 0 −50 ∗ ∗ 750 Control 9 J/cm2 18 J/cm2 1000 (Lux) 36 J/cm2 90 J/cm2 1500 ∗ −100 (a) Dose-response curves ∗∗ (b) 750 lux (TUNEL) 0 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 ∗ 9 J/cm2 18 J/cm2 36 J/cm2 90 J/cm2 −100 9 J/cm2 18 J/cm2 (c) 1000 lux (TUNEL) 9 J/cm2 18 J/cm2 36 J/cm2 90 J/cm2 (d) 1500 lux (TUNEL) 3.1.2. 670 nm Light Effects in Moderate Intensity Light Dam- age. “Moderate” intensity light damage (1000 lux) following 9 or 18J/cm2 red light treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of cell death, similar to those from the “low” light damage experiments (Figures 1(c), 2(f)–2(h)). Animals treated with 36 J/cm2 red light were comparable with controls and significantly higher than in animals that received 9 or 18 J/cm2 before treatment (Figure 2(i)). The highest dose of 90 J/cm2 resulted in significantly higher levels of TUNEL+ cells compared to the light damaged controls (Figure 2(j)). Treatment doses of 9 J/cm2, 18 J/cm2, and 36 J/cm2 resulted in the ONL being significantly thicker than light 36 J/cm2 90 J/cm2 Figure 1: Effects of 670 nm light treatment on photoreceptor cell death induced by exposure to different intensities of white light. (a) Dose- response curves for 670 nm light showing the impact on photoreceptor death in “low” (750 lux), “moderate” (1000 lux), and “high” (1500 lux) intensity light damage (LD) paradigms. The highest dose of red light (90 J/cm2) increases levels of photoreceptor death in the low and medium intensity light damage paradigms but protects photoreceptors from cell death in high intensity bright light conditions. Panels (b)– (d) depict the percentage change of TUNEL+ cell count in the retina between the four 670 nm light treatment groups when compared to the light damage only controls. (b) 750 lux: doses of 9 and 18 J/cm2 670 nm light significantly reduced the number of TUNEL+ cells in the ONL compared to the light damaged controls. However, there was no change in the TUNEL+ cell count in retinas treated with 36 or 90 J/cm2 670 nm light (𝑛 = 5 for each group). (c) 1000 lux: doses of 9 and 18 J/cm2 significantly reduced the number of TUNEL+ cells compared to controls, while a dose of 36 J/cm2 showed no difference in comparison to controls. Animals treated with 90 J/cm2 had a significant increase in TUNEL+ cells in the ONL compared to the light damaged controls (𝑛 = 4 for each group). (d) 1500 lux: doses of 9, 18, or 36 J/cm2 670 nm light had no significant effect on the numbers of TUNEL+ cells, compared to controls, while treatment with 90 J/cm2 670 nm light significantly reduced the numbers of TUNEL+ cells in the ONL (𝑛 = 6 for control and 9 J/cm2 ; 𝑛 = 5 animals for 18 J/cm2 ; 𝑛 = 4 for 36 J/cm2 and 90 J/cm2 groups) (“∗”denotes significance 𝑃 < 0.05; error bars represent SEM). Change from control (%) TUNEL+ cell count Change from control (%) Change from control (%)PDF Image | 670 nm Light Therapy to Protect vs Photoreceptor Cell Death
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