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Comparing the transmission of red light at 633 nm to that of near infrared light at 830 nm in a human cadaveric model, Jagdeo et all observed that 830 nm has a superior transmittance to 633 nm and an occipital application allows the highest amount of energy to enter the brain, as Table 2 shows [46]. Table 2: Transmittance measurements of 830 nm and 633 nm light through human cadaver heads at multiple positions. The values stated in this table are an excerpt from the results published in [46]. Control (10 mm of air) 33.3 mW/cm2 100% 67.5 mW/cm2 100% Behind skin and skull frontal 830 nm 633 nm temporal 0.3 mW/cm2 0.9% <0.001 mW/cm2 0.0% 0.71 mW/cm2 2.1% 0.37 mW/cm2 0.5% occipital 3.9 mW/cm2 11.7% 0.44 mW/cm2 0.7% Bungart et al investigated different wavelengths for transcranial PBM and came to the conclusion that a combination of 660 nm and 810 nm provides superior penetration compared to a combination of 980 nm and 1064 nm [26]. Once the light reaches the inside of the skull, the depth of penetration is limited by the optical properties of the brain tissue. Table 3 shows an excerpt of the results from Stolik et al’s ex vivo, post mortem measurements of the penetration depths of red and near infrared light in brain tissue, which suggest that light with longer wavelength will penetrate deeper into the tissue [47]. Table 3: Optical penetration depth of human brain tissue for different wavelengths in the red to near infrared spectrum of light. The values stated in this table are an excerpt from the results published in [47] Wavelength 632.8 nm 675 nm 780 nm 835 nm Enengl, Dungel #neverforget – PBM vs AD: A Systematic Review Page 13 of 25PDF Image | Photobiomodulation Against Alzheimer’s Disease
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