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8.5 Decentralizing Ostra The design of Ostra we have described so far assumes the existence of a trusted, centralized component that maintains the trust network and credit state. This design is suitable for centralized communication systems, such as those hosted by a Web site. Peer-to-peer communication systems with a centralized “tracker” component can also use this design. However, completely decentralized systems like SMTP-based email cannot use it. In this section, we briefly sketch out a design of Ostra that works without any trusted, centralized components. 8.5.1 Overview In the absence of a trusted, centralized entity, both the trust network and the credit state must be distributed. We assume that each participating user runs an Ostra software agent on her own computer. This Ostra agent stores the user’s key material and maintains secure network connections to the Ostra agents of the user’s trusted friends. The two Ostra agents adjacent to a trust link each store a copy of the link’s balance and bounds. Ostra authorization requires a route computation in the trust network. Because user trust networks can be very large (many online social networks have hundreds of millions of users), the path computation must be scalable. Moreover, it is assumed that users wish to keep their trust relationships private. In a centralized design, such privacy can be ensured easily. In the decentralized design, this concern complicates 186PDF Image | Online Social Networks: Measurement, Analysis, and Applications to Distributed Information Systems
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