Exercise benefits for health series by Cruising Review to enhance and protect health before, while, and after traveling.

Exercise: The Keystone of Well-Being and Jet Lag Mitigation

Exercise

Keywords: exercise training, nutraceuticals, flavonoids intake, aging, antioxidant supplementation, Exercise-Induced, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione, Antioxidant, Mineral

Summary of Abstracts:

Consumption of a High-Protein Meal Replacement Leads to Higher Fat Oxidation, Suppression of Hunger, and Improved Metabolic Profile after an Exercise Session Our primary findings were that an HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation during the exercise session, suppression of hunger, and improved metabolic profile after it.

Can Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Be a Good Model for the Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet in Humans? Subclinical, low-grade, inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the majority of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Several methodological approaches have been applied for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of nutrition, however, their impact in human body remains uncertain, because of the fact that the majority of the studies reporting anti-inflammatory effect of dietary patterns, have been performed under laboratory settings and/or in animal models. We believe that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) could serve as such a model, either in studies investigating the homeostatic responses of individuals under inflammatory stimuli or for the estimation of the anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, supplements, nutrients, or phytochemicals.

Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Functional Capacity and Muscle Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Pilot Study of a Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial The aim of the study was to verify the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on functional capacity (walking capacity; primary outcome) and calf muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) (secondary outcome) in symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. Short- and long-term Cr supplementation does not influence functional capacity and calf muscle StO2 parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD.

Regular Exercise and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults [ Exercise reduces depression. ] Prior studies have found that exercise has a positive effect on depressive symptoms in the general population. For older individuals, however, the association between exercise and depressive symptoms is conclusive. We examined whether regular exercise is related to depressive symptoms in 5379 Korean adults aged ≥ 55 years using data from a 2016 survey administered in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Our results suggest that it is important to encourage older individuals to exercise regularly as a means of relieving depressive symptoms.

Whether or Not the Effects of Curcuma longa Supplementation Are Associated with Physical Exercises in T1DM and T2DM: A Systematic Review [ Turmeric and exercise is good therapy for diabetic patients. ] Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world; one of its main characteristics is chronic hyperglycemia. Pharmacotherapy and other alternatives such as regular exercise are among the therapeutic methods used to control this pathology and participate in glycemic control, as well as the ingestion of plant extracts with antioxidant effects. Among the different plants used for this purpose, curcumin has potential to be used to attenuate the hyperglycemic condition triggered by diabetes mellitus (DM). The associated use of turmeric and physical exercise has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects, suggesting that these could be used as potential therapeutic methods to improve the quality of life and survival of diabetic patients.

Oxidative stress: role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging Physical exercise is considered to be one of the beneficial factors of a proper lifestyle and is nowadays seen as an indispensable element for good health, able to lower the risk of disorders of the cardiovascular, endocrine and osteomuscular apparatus, immune system diseases and the onset of potential neoplasms. Physical activity improves antioxidant defenses and lowers lipid peroxidation levels both in adult and in aged individuals. Moderate exercise and an active lifestyle have been demonstrated to be useful not only in the prevention of oxidative stress, but also in the primary and secondary protection from cardiovascular disorders, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. ROS or free radicals derived from oxidative stress are required at low concentrations for many important physiological functions, such as muscle contraction and drug detoxification. However, the dramatic increase in ROS during strenuous physical exercise can damage cell membranes, having deleterious effects on skeletal muscle performance, macromolecule damage and cellular function impairment. Besides the endogenous antioxidant systems, several natural compounds which are normally supplied within the diet can act as exogenous antioxidants and are marketed as important ergogenic factors in physical exercise, both in young age and in aging. Therefore, exogenous natural supplements, together with a regular physical activity, are valid and promising molecules able to protect the body from oxidative damage and to alleviate the age-related pathophysiological disturbances.

Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during physical exercise, exercise induced oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation is interesting and controversial concepts that have been considered during the past decades. It seems that the best recommendations regarding antioxidants and exercise are having a balanced diet rich in natural antioxidants and phytochemicals.

Exercise Attenuates the Major Hallmarks of Aging [ Exercise certainly cannot reverse the aging process, but it does attenuate many of its deleterious systemic and cellular effects. ] Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Physical exercise has a profound effect on the expression of a substantial proportion of our genome, which has evolved to optimize aerobic metabolism in an environment of food scarcity. Thus, physical inactivity is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. Exercise certainly cannot reverse the aging process, but it does attenuate many of its deleterious systemic and cellular effects. Besides putting more anti-aging drugs on the market, it would be wise to determine which are the most effective combinations, types, and dosages (frequency, duration, intensity) of exercise for older people and to implement efficient exercise interventions for this and younger population segments. The benefits of regular exercise are such that a dose–response is usually observed in humans. Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous exercise (450 min week, clearly above the minimum international recommendations of 150 min week) are associated with longer life expectancy. Furthermore, elite athletes—those humans sustaining the highest possible exercise levels (e.g., former participants in the Tour de France cycling race or former Olympic marathoners) usually live considerably longer than the general population.

Polyphenols and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Overall the pooled results show that polyphe- nols, and of note quercetin, are viable supplements to improve performance in healthy individuals.

Topical Sodium Bicarbonate: No Improvement in Blood Buffering Capacity or Exercise Performance Assess the efficacy of a topical sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body weight NaHCO3) application (PR lotion; Amp Human) on blood buffering capacity and performance in recreationally active participants (study A) and moderately trained athletes (study B). Conclusions: PR lotion was ineffective in altering blood buffering capacity or enhancing performance in either trained or untrained individuals.

Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise to Cancer Prevention and Treatment The benefits of exercise training for cancer patients are becoming increasingly evident. Physical exercise has been shown to reduce cancer incidence and inhibit tumor growth. Here we provide the status of the current molecular understanding of the effect of exercise on cancer. We propose that exercise has a role in control- ling cancer progression through a direct effect on tumor-intrinsic factors, interplay with whole-body exercise effects, alleviation of cancer-related adverse events, and improvement of anti-cancer treatment efficacy.

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